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Great Baddow is an urban village and civil parish in the Chelmsford borough of Essex, England. It is close to the county town, Chelmsford and, with a population of over 13,000,〔(Great Baddow Parish Council ), published 2005, accessed 2011-10-13〕 is one of the largest villages in the country. Great Baddow's name is believed to have been derived from the River Beadwan, now known as the River Chelmer, which marks the northern boundary of the village. ''Beadwan'' is thought to be a Celtic word of uncertain meaning, possibly "birch stream" or a reference to the goddess Badbh.〔 The centre of Great Baddow is now a Conservation Area and contains over 30 listed buildings. ==Development== During the early part of the 20th century, Great Baddow grew through ribbon development towards Chelmsford and Galleywood. In 1936, Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company opened the Marconi Research Laboratory in Great Baddow (now BAE Systems Advanced Technology Centre), bringing together their various radio, television and telephony research teams in a single location.〔(Birthplace of Radio ), Invest Essex, accessed 2011-10-13〕 As the electronics industry developed the campus expanded during the 1940s and 1950s to include research into radar, general physics, high voltage, vacuum physics and semiconductors.〔 Great Baddow expanded considerably in the 1950s with the construction of Rothmans Estate, which provided housing for workers at Marconi's and English Electric Valve Company in Chelmsford. The village has continued to expand over subsequent years. The Vineyards, located in the centre of the old village, was once a fine Georgian house set in attractive wooded grounds〔(Planning Brief, The Vinyards ) Chelmsford Borough Council Town Planning Services, June 2004, accessed 2011-10-13〕 which later became a hotel. It was demolished in the 1960s〔(THE issue on everyone's lips at the moment in Great Baddow – the demolition of Marrable House – was exactly the same this time 50 years ago. ) This is Essex, published 2011-02-17, accessed 2011-10-13〕 prior to the advent of conservation legislation,〔 to make way for the construction of the Vineyards shopping centre and the Marrable House office block, both constructed with a 'scale, form, layout and architecture' that Chelmsford Council now considers to 'jar with its historic surroundings'.〔 Despite this the shopping centre continues to thrive〔 and, since refurbishment in the 2000s, the flats above are highly regarded and sought after properties. It is expected that Marrable House, described at the time of its construction as 'one of the worst examples of town and country planning in the country'〔(Protestors triumph as Vineyards plan rejected ) Chelmsford Weekly News, published 2010-06-25, accessed 2011-10-13〕 and subsequently once voted as one of England's ugliest buildings,〔〔(Plans to demolish 'ugliest building' in doubt ) Essex Chronicle, published 2010-06-24, accessed 2011-10-13〕 will be demolished and replaced with a more sympathetic mixed use development.〔 A corner of the grounds of the former Vineyards mansion were retained and form a green area to the west of the Vineyards development.〔 A library was also opened on the western edge of the development in September 1981, replacing the former building in Bell Street.〔(Great Baddow Library Celebrates 20 Years ) published September 2011, accessed 2011-10-13〕 In 1967 a fire station was opened in Great Baddow to replace the former station which occupied a converted hut in Brewery Fields, Galleywood, once part of the Galleywood race course complex. Great Baddow has five pubs – The White Horse, The Blue Lion, The Kings Head, The Beehive and The Star. The former Baddow Brewery, previously owned by the Baddow Brewery Co Ltd,〔(Baddow Brewery Co Ltd ) The National Archives, accessed 2011-10-13〕 built in 1868 and extended in 1878 by George Scamell, is now a Grade II building and houses local businesses.〔(A Survey of the Brewery Heritage of Essex ), Brewery History: 111, pp. 15-34, Tony Crosby, published 2003, accessed 2011-10-13〕〔(Great Baddow Village Website )〕 Great Baddow is also home to the Pontlands Park Country Hotel and the Baddow Antique Centre. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Great Baddow」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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